Amasistimu efayibha aphephukayo anikeza izinzuzo eziningi kunezinhlelo zefayibha ezivamile, okuhlanganisa izindleko ezincishisiwe zempahla neyokufaka, izindawo ezimbalwa zokuxhunywa kwefayibha, ukulungisa nokugcinwa lula, kanye nendlela yokufuduka yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezizayo.
Impucuko isiphezu kwempumelelo yezokuxhumana, evuswe ukuqanjwa kabusha okunamandla nokuphazamisayo ezinkundleni zobuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-blockchain kanye neqiniso elingeziwe.Ngokulindeleke kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha nezilambele umkhawulokudonsa, abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo basemncintiswaneni omkhulu wokufinyelela abathengi ngokushesha kanye namanethiwekhi okugcina esimo sokugcina - i-fiber kukho konke -I-FTTx.
Kusho ukuthini lokhu embonini ye-broadband?Ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuyisici esibalulekile sempumelelo ekukhuleni kobuchwepheshe bolwazi nezokuxhumana.I-inthanethi yezinto (i-IoT) kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokwakha kungabashayeli abakhulu bokusungula ku-broadband.Amabhizinisi namakhaya manje adinga umkhawulokudonsa owengeziwe ngesivinini esisheshayo kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi.Ngenxa yalokho, abahlanganisi besistimu bathumela amasistimu efayibha amaningi ukuze asetshenziswe namuhla nakusasa.
Abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo sebezonikela ngesizukulwane esilandelayo sokuxhunywa kwenethiwekhi - i-5G - egqugquzelwa yizidingo ze-IoT.I-4G inikezela ngamamegabhithi angaphezu kuka-150 ngomzuzwana (Mbps), kuye ngesithwali, kodwa i-5G izofinyelela kumagigabhithi angu-10 ngomzuzwana (Gbps) noma ngaphezulu.Lokho kusho ukuthi i-5G ishesha izikhathi eziyi-100 kune-4G.
Amasistimu we-TV we-8K adinga ukuxhumana okuthembekile okungu-90 Mbps.Lokho kukhuphuka kusuka ku-25 Mbps kumasistimu e-4K.Lokhu akubandakanyi ezinye izisetshenziswa ezintathu umuntu ngamunye ekhaya azixhume ohlelweni nganoma isiphi isikhathi.Ngokungeziwe ekunikezeni umkhawulokudonsa olinganiselayo owandisiwe, i-5G ithembisa ukunciphisa kakhulu ukubambezeleka, okusho izikhathi zokulayisha ezisheshayo kanye nokusabela okuthuthukisiwe lapho wenza noma yini ku-inthanethi.Ngokukhethekile, lesi sizukulwane senethiwekhi esilandelayo sithembisa ukubambezeleka okuphezulu kwe-4ms ku-5G uma kuqhathaniswa no-20ms ku-4G LTE namuhla.Lokhu kubambezeleka okuphansi kuzothuthukisa kakhulu umuzwa wento engekho ngokoqobo futhi kuvumele ubuchwepheshe bezimoto ezizimele ukuthi zihambe ekugcineni.
Nakuba kubonakala sengathi kugxilwe ekuxhumekeni okungenantambo, siyazi ukuthi okungenantambo ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kwesistimu yekhebula ye-fiber optic eqinile kusukela ekugcineni kuya ekugcineni esebenza njengomgogodla kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokuxhuma okuvundlile.Ukuklama inethiwekhi eqinile engamukela lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza kuqala ngomgogodla oguquguqukayo, womkhawulokudonsa ophezulu wefayibha.Abaqambi baqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi uhlelo lwentambo ye-fiber eshaywayo lunikeza inketho engabizi kakhulu, eguquguqukayo, enokwethenjelwa yokulinganisa nokuguquguquka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuqala zenethiwekhi, futhi kwenza ukuzivumelanisa nezimfuneko zenethiwekhi zesikhathi esizayo.
Ikhebula le-fiber eliphephukayo akuwona ubuchwepheshe obusha, nakuba limusha uma liqhathaniswa nezindlela ezivamile zokuhlanganisa amakhebula ezasukela ku-Alexander Graham Bell.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamasistimu efayibha aphephethwa komoya kuye ngengxenye yenethiwekhi.Kowokuqala, izingxenye eziphakelayo zenethiwekhi zisebenzisa amakhebula amancane aphephethwa umoya, ngokuvamile asuka ku-12 kuya ku-432 fibers.Okwesibili, okokufinyelela i-fiber-to-the-homeI-FTTHIngxenye, i-fiber evuthelwa umoya "amayunithi" asetshenziswa.Lawa ngokuvamile amayunithi efiber eyodwa kuya kwayi-12.Lezi zinhlelo zifakwe ezindaweni eziningi, kuhlanganisaI-FTTH, izihambi, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye namakhempasi ebhizinisi.
Nakhu ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-fiber obuvuthwe busebenza kanjani.Isistimu yefayibha eshaywayo isebenzisa umoya ocindezelweyo noma i-nitrogen ukuze ivuthe amakhebula amancane efiber optical microcables, noma amayunithi, ngemizila echazwe ngaphambilini ngamanani afika ku-300 amafidi ngomzuzu.Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1, amakhebuli amancane angavuthelwa amabanga angamafidi angu-6,600 nangaphezulu.Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 2, amayunithi efayibha (imicu eyodwa kuya kweziyi-12) angavuthelwa kumabanga ajwayelekile aphezulu angamafidi angu-3,300.
Ama-microducts okufuthwa ngawo la mayunithi efayibha akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinto eziqinile, eziguquguqukayo futhi ahlanganiswe ngamaqoqo kufika ku-24 ama-microducts anekhodi enemibala, akhe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-multiduct.Lawa ma-multiducts angafakwa ngaphezu komhlabathi emoyeni, ngaphansi komhlaba noma ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo.Ngokusebenzisa ama-couplers, izifaki zixhuma kalula ama-microducts angawodwana kumayunithi okugaxa ipayipi ukuze kuhlinzekwe izindlela lapho amakhebula amancane noma amayunithi efayibha ephephethwa khona ukuze kuzuzwe ukufakwa okunganazinhlaka, ukukhomba-kuya-ephuzwini, ukufakwa kwesivinini esikhulu.Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko eziphelele futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi iyonke.
Ubuchwepheshe be-fiber eshaywayo ngokushesha buba uhlelo olukhethwayo olukhethwayo kumanethiwekhi okufinyelela, lapho izindleko zendlu ngayinye zidlula khona, isivinini sokuthumela, ukuguquguquka kanye nokulinganisa kwesikhathi esizayo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Izindleko ze-brownfield evamileIkhebula le-Ftth DropIphrojekthi ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngamaphesenti angama-80 abasebenzi kanye nokufakwa kanye nezinsizakusebenza ezingamaphesenti angama-20.Ukukhetha ukufaka isistimu yefayibha ephephethwayo kunomthelela omkhulu nakakhulu empumelelweni nasenzuzweni yephrojekthi, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi izakhiwo zokufakwa zithonya isikhathi esithathiwe kanye nezidingo zokulondolozwa kwesikhathi esizayo.