Iinkqubo zefayibha ezivuthuzayo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kwiinkqubo zefayibha zemveli, kubandakanywa izinto ezincitshisiweyo kunye neendleko zokufakela, iindawo ezimbalwa zoqhagamshelo lwefayibha, ukulungiswa nokugcinwa lula, kunye nendlela yokufudukela kwizicelo zexesha elizayo.
Impucuko ikwincopho yempumelelo yonxibelelwano olukhulu, ivuswe lutshintsho olumandla noluphazamisayo kumabala engqondo yokwenziwa, i-blockchain kunye nenyani eyandisiweyo.Ngokulindela izicelo ezitsha kunye ne-bandwidth-elambileyo, ababoneleli ngenkonzo bakukhuphiswano olunamandla ukufikelela kubathengi ngokukhawuleza kunye nothungelwano lokugqibela lwe-fiber-fiber kuyo yonke into -FTTx.
Kuthetha ntoni oku kushishino lwebroadband?Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kubuchwepheshe ngumba obalulekileyo wempumelelo ekukhuleni kolwazi nonxibelelwano lobuchwephesha.I-intanethi yezinto (i-IoT) kunye nokudityaniswa kwezicelo zezakhiwo ngabaqhubi abakhulu bezinto ezintsha kwi-broadband.Amashishini kunye namakhaya ngoku afuna i-bandwidth engaphezulu ngesantya esikhawulezayo kunye ne-latency esezantsi.Ngenxa yoko, abahlanganisi benkqubo bahambisa iinkqubo ezininzi zefiber kwizicelo zanamhlanje nangomso.
Ababoneleli ngeenkonzo bakwicala lokubonelela ngesizukulwana esilandelayo sokuqhagamshelwa kwenethiwekhi - i-5G - iqhutywe ngeemfuno ze-IoT.I-4G inikezela phezulu kwe-150 megabits ngesibini (Mbps), kuxhomekeke kumphathiswa, kodwa i-5G iya kufikelela kwi-gigabits ye-10 ngesekhondi (Gbps) okanye ngaphezulu.Oko kuthetha ukuba i-5G ngamaxesha e-100 ngokukhawuleza kune-4G.
Iinkqubo ze-TV ze-8K zifuna uqhagamshelwano oluthembekileyo lwe-90 Mbps.Isuka kwi-25 Mbps kwiinkqubo ze-4K.Oku akubandakanyi ezinye izixhobo ezithathu umntu ngamnye endlwini aqhagamshelwe kuyo kwinkqubo nakweyiphi na indawo.Ukongeza ekunikezeni i-bandwidth ye-symmetrical eyandisiweyo, i-5G ithembisa ukunciphisa kakhulu i-latency, oko kuthetha ukuba amaxesha omthwalo okhawulezayo kunye nokuphucula ukuphendula xa usenza malunga nantoni na kwi-intanethi.Ngokukodwa, esi sizukulwana silandelayo senethiwekhi sithembisa i-latency ephezulu ye-4ms kwi-5G ngokuchasene ne-20ms kwi-4G LTE namhlanje.Le latency isezantsi iya kuphucula ngokubonakalayo amava okwenyani kwaye yenza itekhnoloji yemoto ezizimeleyo ukuba ihambe ekugqibeleni.
Nangona ugxininiso lubonakala ngathi lujikeleze uqhagamshelo olungenazingcingo, siyazi ukuba i-wireless ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-fiber optic cabling eyomeleleyo ukusuka ekupheleni ukuya esiphelweni esebenza njengomqolo kunye nokubonelela ngoqhagamshelo oluthe tye.Ukuyila inethiwekhi eyomeleleyo enokuthi ikwazi ukwamkela ezi zicelo iqala nge-flexible, high-bandwidth fiber backbone.Abaqulunqi baqaphela ngokukhawuleza ukuba inkqubo yentambo ye-fiber evuthelweyo ibonelela ngeyona ndlela ibiza kakhulu, iguquguqukayo, enokwethenjelwa ye-scalability kunye nokuguquguquka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuqala zenethiwekhi, kwaye yenza ukulungelelaniswa kwiimfuno zenethiwekhi ezizayo.
Intambo yefayibha evuthelweyo ayiyotekhnoloji entsha, nangona isentsha xa ithelekiswa neendlela eziqhelekileyo zekhebhula ezabuyela emva ku-Alexander Graham Bell.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zeenkqubo zomoya ezivuthelwa ngumoya ngokuxhomekeke kwicandelo lothungelwano.Okokuqala, i-feederportions yenethiwekhi isebenzisa iimicrocables ezivuthelwa ngumoya, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-12 ukuya kwi-432 fibers.Kweyesibini, ukufikelela kwifiber ukuya ekhayaI-FTTHInxalenye, ifayibha evuthelwa ngumoya "iiyunithi" ziyasetyenziswa.Ezi zikholisa ukuba yiyunithi enye ukuya kwi-12 yefiber.Ezi nkqubo zifakwe kwiindawo ezininzi, kuqukaI-FTTH, ububele, ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye neekhampasi zamashishini.
Nantsi indlela iteknoloji yefiber evuthelwayo esebenza ngayo.Inkqubo yefiber evuthelweyo isebenzisa umoya oxinanisiweyo okanye initrogen ukuvuthela ngokwenyani ii-microcables zefiber ekhanyayo, okanye iiyunithi, ngeendlela ezichazwe kwangaphambili kwimilinganiselo ukuya kwi-300 yeenyawo ngomzuzu.Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1, iimicrocables zinokuvuthelwa kumgama oziinyawo ezingama-6,600 nangaphezulu.Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 2, iiyunithi zefiber (enye ukuya kwi-12 fibers) zinokuvuthelwa kumgama oqhelekileyo we-3,300 weenyawo.
Iimicroducts apho ezi yunithi zefayibha zivuthelwa kusetyenziswa izinto ezomeleleyo, eziguquguqukayo kwaye zidityaniswe ngokwamaqela ukuya kuma-24 enemibala emincinci enemibala, ukwenza indibano ye-multiduct.Ezi multiducts zinokufakelwa ngaphezulu komhlaba emoyeni, ngaphantsi komhlaba okanye ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo.Ukusebenzisa i-couplers, abafakeli badibanisa ngokulula i-microducts nganye kwiiyunithi ze-duct-branching ukubonelela ngeendlela apho ii-microcables okanye iiyunithi zefiber zivuthelwa ukuphumeza i-splice-free, i-point-to-point, ukufakwa kwesantya esiphezulu.Oku kunciphisa iindleko zizonke kwaye kuphucula ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi ngokubanzi.
Itekhnoloji yefiber evuthelweyo ikhawuleza ibe yinkqubo ekhethwayo yokufikelela kuthungelwano, apho iindleko zendlu nganye zigqithiselweyo, isantya sokusasazwa, ukuguquguquka kunye nokunyuka kwexesha elizayo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Iindleko zebala elimdaka eliqhelekileyoFth Drop CableIprojekthi idla ngokwahlulahlulwe ibe ngama-80 epesenti yabasebenzi kunye nofakelo kunye nezixhobo ezingama-20 ekhulwini.Ukukhetha ukufakela isixokelelwano sosinga oluvuthelweyo kunempembelelo enkulu ngakumbi kwimpumelelo nakwinzuzo yeprojekthi, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba iipropati zofakelo zinefuthe kwixesha elithathiweyo kunye neemfuno zogcino lwexesha elizayo.