Four Factors Affecting Optical Fiber Transmission Distance

In the optical fiber communication system, the most basic mode is: optical transceiver-fiber-optical transceiver, so the main body that affects the transmission distance is the optical transceiver and optical fiber. There are four factors that determine the optical fiber transmission distance, namely optical power, dispersion, loss, and receiver sensitivity. Optical fiber can be used not only to transmit analog signals and digital signals, but also to meet the needs of video transmission.

Optical power
The greater the power coupled into the fiber, the longer the transmission distance.

Dispersion
In terms of chromatic dispersion, the larger the chromatic dispersion, the more serious the waveform distortion will be. As the transmission distance becomes longer, the waveform distortion becomes more serious. In a digital communication system, waveform distortion will cause inter-symbol interference, reduce the sensitivity of light receiving, and affect the relay distance of the system.

Loss
Including fiber optic connector loss and splicing loss, mainly loss per kilometer. The smaller the loss per kilometer, the smaller the loss and the longer the transmission distance.

Receiver Sensitivity
The higher the sensitivity, the smaller the received optical power and the longer the distance.